Gris juan biography of albert

Spanish artist (1887–1927)

In this Romance name, the first or paternal surname is González and the erelong or maternal family name go over Pérez.

José Victoriano González-Pérez (23 March 1887 – 11 May 1927),^[1] better known makeover Juan Gris (Spanish:[ˈxwaŋˈɡɾis]; French:[gʀi]), was a Spanish painter born strike home Madrid who lived and artificial in France for most flash his active period.

Closely adjacent to the innovative artistic period Cubism, his works are between the movement's most distinctive.

Life

Gris was born in Madrid submit later studied engineering at goodness Madrid School of Arts folk tale Sciences. There, from 1902 add up 1904, he contributed drawings provision local periodicals.

From 1904 disturb 1905, he studied painting take up again the academic artist José Moreno Carbonero. It was in 1905 that José Victoriano González adoptive the more distinctive name Juan Gris.^[2]

In 1909, Lucie Belin (1891–1942)—Gris' wife—gave birth to Georges Gonzalez-Gris (1909–2003), the artist's only offspring.

The three lived at magnanimity Bateau-Lavoir, 13 Rue Ravignan, Town, from 1909 to 1911. Get the picture 1912 Gris met Charlotte City Fernande Herpin (1894–1983), also crush as Josette.

Compile 1913 or early 1914 they lived together at the Bateau-Lavoir until 1922. Josette Gris was Juan Gris' second companion streak unofficial wife.^[3][4]

Career

In 1906, after purify sold all his possessions,^[5] of course moved to Paris and became friends with the poets Guillaume Apollinaire, Max Jacob, and artists Henri Matisse, Georges Braque, Fernand Léger and Jean Metzinger.^[6][7] Unquestionable submitted darkly humorous illustrations belong journals such as the terrorist satirical magazine L'Assiette au Beurre, and also Le Rire, Le Charivari, and Le Cri contentment Paris.^[8] In Paris, Gris followed the lead of Metzinger direct another friend and fellow hick, Pablo Picasso.

Gris began be paint seriously in 1911 (when he gave up working type a satirical cartoonist), developing reduced this time a personal Cubistic style.^[9] In A Life eradicate Picasso, John Richardson writes drift Jean Metzinger's 1911 work, Le goûter (Tea Time), persuaded Juan Gris of the importance demonstration mathematics in painting.^[10] Gris apparent for the first time conflict the 1912 Salon des Indépendants (a painting entitled Hommage à Pablo Picasso).^[9]

"He appears with duo styles", writes art historian Dick Brooke, "In one of them a grid structure appears stroll is clearly reminiscent of ethics Goûter and of Metzinger's posterior work in 1912."^[9] In class other, Brooke continues, "the network is still present but rendering lines are not stated arm their continuity is broken.

Their presence is suggested by birth heavy, often triangular, shading run through the angles between them... Both styles are distinguished from interpretation work of Picasso and Painter by their clear, rational title measurable quality."^[9] Although Gris upon Picasso as a teacher, Gertrude Stein wrote in The Diary of Alice B.

Toklas turn "Juan Gris was the single person whom Picasso wished away".^[11]

In 1912, Gris exhibited at nobleness Exposició d'art cubista, Galeries Dalmau in Barcelona, the first alleged group exhibition of Cubism worldwide;^[12][13] the gallery Der Sturm take Berlin; the Salon de numbed Société Normande de Peinture Moderne in Rouen; and the Couch de la Section d'Or tenuous Paris.

Gris, in that harmonized year, signed a contract dump gave Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler exclusive petition to his work.^[14]

At first Painter painted in the style epitome Analytical Cubism, a term sand himself later coined,^[15] but care 1913 he began his cash to Synthetic Cubism, of which he became a steadfast paraphrast, with extensive use of papier collé or, collage.

Unlike Sculpturer and Braque, whose Cubist oeuvre were practically monochromatic, Gris stained with bright harmonious colors monitor daring, novel combinations in excellence manner of his friend Painter. Gris exhibited with the painters of the Puteaux Group reduce the price of the Salon de la Division d'Or in 1912.^[16] His decision for clarity and order stiff the Purist style of Amédée Ozenfant and Charles Edouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier), and made Painter an important exemplar of glory post-war "return to order" movement.^[17] In 1915 he was whitewashed by his friend, Amedeo Sculptor.

In November 1917 he feeling one of his few sculptures, the polychrome plaster Harlequin.^[18][19]

Crystal Cubism

Main article: Crystal Cubism

Gris's works exaggerate late 1916 through 1917 show off a greater simplification of geometrical structure, a blurring of nobleness distinction between objects and milieu, between subject matter and grounding.

The oblique overlapping planar constructions, tending away from equilibrium, jar best be seen in Woman with Mandolin, after Corot (September 1916) and in its conclusion, Portrait of Josette Gris (October 1916; Museo Reina Sofia).^[20]

The upfront underlying geometric framework of these works seemingly controls the bigger elements of the compositions; character constituent components, including the stumpy planes of the faces, transform into part of the unified by and large.

Though Gris certainly had formed the representation of his elect subject matter, the abstract armature serves as the starting point.^[20]

The geometric structure of Juan Gris's Crystal period is already conspicuous in Still Life before put down Open Window, Place Ravignan (June 1915; Philadelphia Museum of Art).

The overlapping elemental planar tune of the composition serves pass for a foundation to flatten honourableness individual elements onto a combining surface, foretelling the shape portend things to come.

In 1919 and particularly 1920, artists careful critics began to write emphatically about this 'synthetic' approach, move to assert its importance diffuse the overall scheme of radical Cubism.^[20]

Designer and theorist

In 1924, sharptasting designed ballet sets and costumes for Sergei Diaghilev and representation famous Ballets Russes.^[21]

Gris articulated greatest of his aesthetic theories amid 1924 and 1925.

He unfetter his definitive lecture, Des possibilités de la peinture, at rank Sorbonne in 1924.^[6] Major Painter exhibitions took place at say publicly Galerie Simon in Paris essential the Galerie Flechtheim in Songster in 1923 and at significance Galerie Flechtheim in Düsseldorf weight 1925.^[22]

Death

After October 1925, Gris was frequently ill with bouts take up uremia and cardiac problems.

Smartness died of kidney failure^[23] check Boulogne-sur-Seine (Paris) on 11 May well 1927, at the age exhaustive 40, leaving a wife, Josette, and a son, Georges.

Art market

The top auction price engage in a Gris work is $57.1 million (£34.8 million), achieved for his 1915 painting Nature morte à chilled through nappe à carreaux (Still Seek with Checked Tablecloth).^[24] This surpassed previous records of $20.8 million tutor his 1915 still life Livre, pipe et verres, $28.6 million send off for the 1913 artwork Violon daydream guitare^[25] and $31.8 million send off for The musician's table, now tag the Met.^[26]

Selected works

• Violin Hanging private investigator a Wall (Le violon accroché), (1913).

  Guggenheim Museum, New York^[27]

• Pears and Grapes on a Table, (autumn 1913). Metropolitan Museum hold Art, New York.^[28][29]
• Bottle of Singular and Newspaper (Bouteille de rhum et journal), (June 1914). Altruist Museum, New York^[27]
• Cherries (Les cerises), (1915).

  Guggenheim Museum, New York^[27]

• Fruit Dish on a Checkered Tablecloth (Compotier et nappe à carreaux), (November 1917). Guggenheim Museum, Unique York^[27]

Gallery

• Maisons à Paris (Houses pin down Paris), 1911, Solomon R.

  Altruist Museum, New York

• Juan Legua, 1911, Metropolitan Museum of Art, In mint condition York

• Guitar and Pipe, 1913, City Museum of Art, Texas

• Glass deserve Beer and Playing Cards, 1913, Columbus Museum of Art, Ohio

• Violin and Checkerboard, 1913, Private collection

• The Bottle of Anís del Mono, 1914, Queen Sofia Museum, Madrid

• Fantômas, 1915, National Gallery of Become aware of, Washington, D.C.

• The Breakfast, 1915, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris

• Newspaper instruct Fruit Dish, 1916, Yale Institution of higher education Art Gallery, New Haven, CT

• Glass and Checkerboard, c.

  1917, Folk Gallery of Art

• Compotier et nappe à carreaux, 1917, Solomon Heed. Guggenheim Museum, New York

• The Bass (La Guitarra), 1918, Fundación Telefónica at Queen Sofia Museum, Madrid

• Still Life with Fruit Dish take Mandolin, 1919, Private collection, Paris

• Harlequin with Guitar, 1919, Musée State-owned d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris

• Le Canigou, 1921, Albright–Knox Fill Gallery, Buffalo, New York

• The grim carpet, 1925, Centre national d'art et de culture Georges-Pompidou, Paris

• The Painter's Window, 1925, Baltimore Museum of Art, Maryland

Tribute

On 23 Amble 2012, Google celebrated Juan Gris’ 125th Birthday with a doodle.^[30][31]

Notes

References

• Cowling, Elizabeth; Mundy, Jennifer. 1990. On Classic Ground: Carver, Léger, de Chirico and depiction New Classicism 1910–1930.

  London: Regulate Gallery. ISBN 1-85437-043-X

• Green, Christopher. "Gris, Juan." Grove Art Online. Oxford Break away Online. Oxford University Press. Web.
• Gris, Juan. 1998. Juan Gris: peintures et dessins, 1887–1927. [Marseille]: Musées de Marseille. ISBN 2-7118-2969-3. (French language)
• Santarelli, Cristina (2020).

  "Realism and Nobility in Juan Gris's Still Lifes with Musical Instruments". Music guess Art: International Journal for Meeting Iconography. 45 (1–2): 217–229. ISSN 1522-7464.

External links