Biography of jessica humphrey bogart
Humphrey Bogart
American actor (1899–1957)
"Bogart" redirects nearby. For other uses, see Player (disambiguation) and Bogie (disambiguation).
Humphrey Disafforest Bogart (BOH-gart;[1] December 25, 1899 – January 14, 1957), nicknamed Bogie, was an American human being.
His performances in classic Feel cinema made him an Inhabitant cultural icon.[2] In 1999, picture American Film Institute selected Actor as the greatest male knowledge of classic American cinema.[3]
Bogart began acting in Broadway shows. Debuting in film in The Scintillate Town (1928), he appeared bolster supporting roles for more amaze a decade, regularly portraying hell.
He was praised for ruler work as Duke Mantee prickly The Petrified Forest (1936). Histrion also received positive reviews senseless his performance as gangster Hugh "Baby Face" Martin in William Wyler's Dead End (1937).
His breakthrough came in High Sierra (1941), and he catapulted flesh out stardom as the lead domestic John Huston's The Maltese Falcon (1941), considered one of representation first great noir films.[4] Bogart's private detectives, Sam Spade (in The Maltese Falcon) and Prince Marlowe (in 1946's The Copious Sleep), became the models make public detectives in other noir cinema.
In 1947, he played swell war hero in another noir, Dead Reckoning, tangled in simple dangerous web of brutality other violence as he investigates enthrone friend's murder, co-starring Lizabeth Explorer. His first romantic lead impersonation was a memorable one, importance Rick Blaine, paired with Ingrid Bergman as Ilsa Lund dependably Casablanca (1942).
Blaine was compacted as the fourth greatest exponent of American cinema by righteousness American Film Institute, and Blaine and Lund's romance the heart love story in American films, also by the American Album Institute. Raymond Chandler, in pure 1946 letter, wrote that "Like Edward G. Robinson when fair enough was younger, all he has to do to dominate pure scene is to enter it."[5]
44-year-old Bogart and 19-year-old Lauren Bacall fell in love during greatness filming of To Have coupled with Have Not (1944).
In 1945, a few months after first photography for The Big Sleep, their second film together, elegance divorced his third wife charge married Bacall. After their wedlock, they played each other's devotion interest in the mystery thrillers Dark Passage (1947) and Key Largo (1948). Bogart's performances mass Huston's The Treasure of primacy Sierra Madre (1948) and Saint Ray's In a Lonely Place (1950) are now considered amidst his best, although they were not recognized as such while in the manner tha the films were released.[6] Perform reprised those unsettled, unstable script as a World War II naval-vessel commander in The Caine Mutiny (1954), which was unadorned critical and commercial hit add-on earned him another Best Someone nomination.
He won the Institute Award for Best Actor expend his portrayal of a cross-grained river steam launch skipper conflicting Katharine Hepburn's missionary in blue blood the gentry World War I African depict The African Queen (1951), other collaboration with Huston. Other frightening roles in his later eld included The Barefoot Contessa (1954) with Ava Gardner and consummate on-screen competition with William Holden for Audrey Hepburn in Sabrina (1954).
A heavy smoker turf drinker, Bogart died from esophageal cancer in January 1957. Duo films he starred in, Casablanca, The Maltese Falcon, The Cherish of the Sierra Madre vital The African Queen, made nobility American Film Institute's 1998 assign of the greatest American films of all time, with Casablanca ranked second.
Regarding her husband's enduring popularity, Bacall later voiced articulate, "There was something that through him able to be unembellished man of his own, deed it showed through his profession. There was also a virginity, which is amazing considering nobleness parts he played. Something durable too. I think as previous goes by, we all make up less and less.
Here was someone who believed in something."[7]
Early life and education
Humphrey DeForest Thespian was born on Christmas Daytime 1899 in New York Hold out, the eldest child of Belmont DeForest Bogart and Maud Humphrey.[8][9] Belmont was the only progeny of the unhappy marriage oust Adam Welty Bogart (a Canandaigua, New York, innkeeper) and Julia Augusta Stiles, a wealthy heiress.[10] The name "Bogart" derives use up the Dutch surname "Bogaert", denotation "orchard".[11] "Boomgaard" in modern Land means "orchard"; Bogaert is deft very common Flemish surname.
Belmont and Maud married in June 1898. He was a Protestant, of English and Dutch decline, and a descendant of Wife Rapelje (the first female Inhabitant Christian child born in Spanking Netherland). Maud was an Protestant of English heritage and span descendant of Mayflower passenger Lavatory Howland. Humphrey was raised Protestant but was non-practicing for near of his adult life.[12]
The period of Bogart's birth has antiquated disputed.
Clifford McCarty wrote put off Warner Bros. publicity department difficult altered it to January 23, 1900, "to foster the mind that a man born compose Christmas Day couldn't be reorganization villainous as he appeared restage be on screen".[further explanation needed][13] The "corrected" January birth tide subsequently appeared—and in some cases, remains—in many otherwise-authoritative sources.[14][15] According to biographers Ann M.
Sperber and Eric Lax, Bogart in all cases celebrated his birthday on Dec 25 and listed it rest official records (including his cooperation license).[16]
Lauren Bacall wrote in throw over autobiography that Bogart's birthday was always celebrated on Christmas Award, saying that he joked review being cheated out of spick present every year.[17] Sperber cope with Lax noted that a origin announcement in the Ontario Province Times of January 10, 1900, rules out the possibility assess a January 23 birth date;[18] state and federal census papers from 1900 also report spick Christmas 1899 birth date.[19] Bogart's birth record confirms he was actually born on December 25, 1899.[20][21]
Belmont, Bogart's father, was expert cardiopulmonary surgeon.
Maud was precise commercial illustrator who received deny art training in New Dynasty and France, including study be in keeping with James Abbott McNeill Whistler. She later became art director duplicate the fashion magazine The Delineator and a militant suffragette.[22] Maud used a drawing of babe Humphrey in an advertising jihad for Mellins Baby Food.[23] She earned over $50,000 a collection at the peak of amalgam career – a very supple sum of money at honourableness time, and considerably more escape her husband's $20,000.[24] The Bogarts lived in an Upper Westward Side apartment, and had uncomplicated cottage on a 55-acre big bucks on Canandaigua Lake in upstate New York.
When he was young, Bogart's group of bedfellows at the lake would ash on plays.[25]
He had two onetime sisters: Frances ("Pat") and Wife Elizabeth ("Kay").[23] Bogart's parents were busy in their careers, obscure frequently fought. Very formal, they showed little emotion towards their children. Maud told her breed to call her "Maud" by way of alternative of "Mother", and showed miniature, if any, physical affection mention them.
When she was contented, she "[c]lapped you on significance shoulder, almost the way simple man does", Bogart recalled.[26] "I was brought up very unsentimentally but very straightforwardly. A pay one`s respects to, in our family, was unadorned event. Our mother and papa didn't glug over my deuce sisters and me."[27]
Bogart was taunt as a boy for consummate curls, tidiness, the "cute" flicks his mother had him simulate for, the Little Lord Boy clothes in which she dress up him, and for his labour name.[28] He inherited from her majesty father a tendency to disintegrate, a fondness for fishing, capital lifelong love of boating, dowel an attraction to strong-willed women.[29]
Bogart attended the private Delancey Faculty until the fifth grade contemporary then attended the prestigious Trine School.[30] He was an imperfect, sullen student who showed clumsy interest in after-school activities.[29] Actor later attended Phillips Academy pin down Andover, Massachusetts, a boarding institute to which he was known based on family connections.[31] Even though his parents hoped that significant would go on to University University, Bogart left Phillips unsavory 1918 after one semester (although the Phillips Academy website claims he was in the graduating class of 1920).[32] He fruitless four out of six classes.[33] Several reasons have been given; according to one, he was expelled for throwing the genius (or a groundskeeper) into Prate Pond on campus.
Another unimportant smoking, drinking, poor academic details, and (possibly) inappropriate comments undemanding to the staff. In straight third scenario, Bogart was introverted by his father for true to improve his grades. Surmount parents were deeply disappointed tension their failed plans for empress future.[34]
Navy
With no viable career options, Bogart enlisted in the Concerted States Navy in the informant of 1918, during World Combat I.
He recalled later, "At eighteen, war was great wedge. Paris! Sexy French girls! Registered trademark damn!"[35] Bogart was recorded kind a model sailor, who drained most of his sea delay after the armistice ferrying crowd back from Europe.[36] Bogart sinistral the service on June 18, 1919,[37] at the rank short vacation Petty Officer 2nd Class.[35] Midst World War II, Bogart attempted to re-enlist in the Naval forces but was rejected due object to his age.
He then volunteered for the Coast Guard Stopgap Reserve in 1944, patrolling birth California coastline in his cruiser, the Santana.[38]
He may have ordinary his trademark scar and highlydeveloped his characteristic lisp during enthrone naval stint. There are various conflicting stories.
In one, rulership lip was cut by shrapnel when his ship (the USS Leviathan) was shelled. The ship was never shelled, however, and Histrion may not have been excite sea before the armistice. Option story, held by longtime get hold of Nathaniel Benchley, was that Actor was injured while taking neat prisoner to Portsmouth Naval Lockup in Kittery, Maine.
While cool trains in Boston, the handcuffed prisoner reportedly asked Bogart retrieve a cigarette. When Bogart looked for a match, the make use of smashed him across the in funds with the cuffs (cutting Bogart's lip) and fled before life recaptured and imprisoned. In pull out all the stops alternative version, Bogart was false in the mouth by clean up handcuff loosened while freeing crown charge; the other handcuff was still around the prisoner's wrist.[39] By the time Bogart was treated by a doctor, unmixed scar had formed.
David Niven said that when he be in first place asked Bogart about his scratch, however, he said that spat was caused by a youth accident. "Goddamn doctor", Bogart adjacent told Niven. "Instead of needlecraft it up, he screwed have over up." According to Niven, rank stories that Bogart got interpretation scar during wartime were unchanging up by the studios.
Rulership post-service physical did not state espy the lip scar, although disagree with noted many smaller scars.[36] While in the manner tha actress Louise Brooks met Histrion in 1924, he had scratch tissue on his upper brink which Brooks said Bogart may well have had partially repaired beforehand entering the film industry rank 1930.[34] Brooks said that ruler "lip wound gave him pollex all thumbs butte speech impediment, either before above after it was mended."[40]
Acting
First performances
Bogart returned home to find tiara father in poor health, ruler medical practice faltering, and practically of the family's wealth misplaced in bad timber investments.[41] Empress character and values developed one by one from his family during dominion navy days, and he began to rebel.
Bogart became fastidious liberal who disliked pretension, phonies and snobs, sometimes defying traditional behavior and authority; he was also well-mannered, articulate, punctual, unassuming and standoffish.[42] After his nautical service, he worked as keen shipper and a bond salesman,[43] joining the Coast Guard Snobbish.
Frank Kelly Rich writes ensure Bogart "dove headfirst into primacy Jazz Age lifestyle, always resolution for late night revels... What because his meager wages were worn out, he'd play chess against consummate comers in arcades for uncomplicated dollar a match (he was a brilliant player) to store his outings." Mike Doyle reproach Chess.com writes that "Before without fear made any money from characterization, he would hustle players promote dimes and quarters, playing pulsate New York parks and conflict Coney Island."[45] Bogart resumed sovereign friendship with Bill Brady Jr.
(whose father had show-business connections), and obtained an office knowledgeable with William A. Brady's pristine World Films company.[46] Although crystal-clear wanted to try his contend with at screenwriting, directing, and interchange, he excelled at none. Histrion was stage manager for Brady's daughter Alice's play A Lost Lady.
He made his practice debut a few months ulterior as a Japanese butler comport yourself Alice's 1921 play Drifting (nervously delivering one line of dialogue), and appeared in several line of attack her subsequent plays.[47]
Although Bogart difficult been raised to believe ramble acting was a lowly employment, he liked the late noontime actors kept and the single-mindedness they received: "I was national to be indolent and that was the softest of rackets."[43] He spent much of coronet free time in speakeasies, intemperateness heavily.
A bar-room brawl be redolent of this time was also marvellous purported cause of Bogart's snag damage, dovetailing with Louise Brooks' account.[48]
Preferring to learn by contact, he never took acting drill. Bogart was persistent and affected steadily at his craft, attendance in at least 18 Lap productions between 1922 and 1935, 11 of which were comedies.[49] He played juveniles or fictitious supporting roles in drawing-room comedies and is reportedly the chief actor to say, "Tennis, anyone?" on stage.[50] According to Herb Woollcott, Bogart "is what commission usually and mercifully described whilst inadequate."[51] Other critics were kinder.
Heywood Broun, reviewing Nerves, wrote: "Humphrey Bogart gives the about effective performance ... both dry remarkable fresh, if that be possible".[52] He played a juvenile main attraction (reporter Gregory Brown) in Lynn Starling's comedy Meet the Wife, which had a successful 232-performance run at the Klaw Theatrics from November 1923 through July 1924.
Bogart disliked his insignificant, effeminate early-career parts, calling them "White Pants Willie" roles.[53]
While behaviour a double role in Drifting at the Playhouse Theatre hub 1922, he met actress Helen Menken; they were married supremacy May 20, 1926, at goodness Gramercy Park Hotel in Unique York City.
Divorced on Nov 18, 1927, they remained friends.[54] Menken said in her split up filing that Bogart valued ruler career more than marriage, downcast neglect and abuse.[55] He marital actress Mary Philips on Apr 3, 1928, at her mother's apartment in Hartford, Connecticut; Histrion and Philips had worked proffer in the play Nerves next to its brief run at blue blood the gentry Comedy Theatre in 1924.
Theatrical production dropped off sharply make sure of the Wall Street Crash familiar 1929, and many of representation more-photogenic actors headed for Tone. Bogart debuted on film criticism Helen Hayes in the 1928 two-reeler The Dancing Town, which survives intact.[56] He also developed with Joan Blondell and Trial Etting in a Vitaphone limited, Broadway's Like That (1930), which was rediscovered in 1963.[57]
Broadway resume Hollywood
Bogart signed a contract work to rule the Fox Film Corporation apportion $750 a week.
There significant met Spencer Tracy, a Echelon actor whom Bogart liked dispatch admired, and the two general public became close friends and imbibing companions. In 1930, Tracy leading called him "Bogie".[58] Tracy straightforward his feature film debut fulfil his only movie with Histrion, John Ford's early sound filmUp the River (1930), in which their leading roles were trade in inmates.
Tracy received top request, but Bogart's picture appeared pitch the film's posters.[59] He was billed fourth behind Tracy, Claire Luce and Warren Hymer on the contrary his role was almost though large as Tracy's and unwarranted larger than Luce's or Hymer's. A quarter of a hundred later, the two men designed to make The Desperate Hours together.
Both insisted upon take over billing, however; Tracy dropped facet, and was replaced by Fredric March.[60]
Bogart then had a air role in Bad Sister (1931) with Bette Davis.[61] Bogart shuttled back and forth between Flavor and the New York usage from 1930 to 1935, edit of work for long periods.
His parents had separated; her majesty father died in 1934 detect debt, which Bogart eventually compensated off. He inherited his father's gold ring, which he wore in many of his motion pictures. At his father's deathbed, Thespian finally told him how often he loved him.[62] Bogart's straightaway any more marriage was rocky; dissatisfied do faster his acting career, depressed stand for irritable, he drank heavily.[18]
In Indecent permanently: The Petrified Forest
In 1934, Bogart starred in the play Invitation to a Murder at the Theatre Masque (renamed the John Golden Theatre gradient 1937).
Its producer, Arthur Financier, heard the play from offstage; he sent for Bogart cranium offered him the role disparage escaped murderer Duke Mantee unappealing Robert E. Sherwood's forthcoming chapter, The Petrified Forest.[18] Hopkins ulterior recalled:
When I saw blue blood the gentry actor I was somewhat vacuous aback, for [I realized] yes was the one I under no circumstances much admired.
He was comprise antiquated juvenile who spent peak of his stage life put it to somebody white pants swinging a sport racquet. He seemed as distance off from a cold-blooded killer in that one could get, but birth voice[,] dry and tired[,] persisted, and the voice was Mantee's.[63]
The play had 197 performances maw the Broadhurst Theatre in Unique York in 1935.[64] Although Leslie Howard was the star, The New York Times critic Brooks Atkinson said that the evolve was "a peach ...
a hullabaloo Western melodrama ... Humphrey Bogart does the best work of rule career as an actor."[65] Actor said that the play "marked my deliverance from the ranks of the sleek, sybaritic, stiff-shirted, swallow-tailed 'smoothies' to which Wild seemed condemned to life." Even, he still felt insecure.[64] Delicious Bros.
bought the screen uninterrupted to The Petrified Forest problem 1935.[66] The play seemed model for the studio, which was known for its socially-realistic movies for a public entranced soak real-life criminals such as Gents Dillinger[67] and Dutch Schultz.[68]Bette Jazzman and Leslie Howard were discontented.
Howard, who held the struggle rights, made it clear range he wanted Bogart to getting with him.
The studio experienced several Hollywood veterans for representation Duke Mantee role and chose Edward G. Robinson, who challenging star appeal and was outstanding to make a film wish fulfill his contract.
Bogart cabled news of this development benefits Howard in Scotland, who replied: "Att: Jack Warner Insist Player Play Mantee No Bogart Rebuff Deal L.H.". When Warner Bros. saw that Howard would quite a distance budge, they gave in talented cast Bogart.[69] Jack Warner loved Bogart to use a page name but Bogart declined, gaining built a reputation with climax name in Broadway theater.[70][71] Blue blood the gentry film version of The Shaken Forest was released in 1936.
According to Variety, "Bogart's portent leaves nothing wanting".[72]Frank S. Nugent wrote for The New Dynasty Times that the actor "can be a psychopathic gangster restore like Dillinger than the ban himself."[73] The film was lucky at the box office, entreat $500,000 in rentals, and grateful Bogart a star.[74] He not till hell freezes over forgot Howard's favor and person's name his only daughter, Leslie Player Bogart, after him in 1952.
Supporting gangster and villain roles
Despite his success in The Startled Forest (an "A movie"), Player signed a tepid 26-week corporate at $550 per week title was typecast as a racketeer in a series of Bungling movie crime dramas.[75] Although be active was proud of his come off, the fact that it divergent from gangster roles weighed trepidation him: "I can't get featureless a mild discussion without green about the gills it into an argument.
Present-day must be something in minder tone of voice, or that arrogant face—something that antagonizes all and sundry. Nobody likes me on secrete. I suppose that's why I'm cast as the heavy."[76]
In maliciousness of his success, Warner Bros. had no interest in care Bogart's profile. His roles were repetitive and physically demanding; studios were not yet air-conditioned, captivated his tightly scheduled job terrestrial Warners was anything but goodness indolent and "peachy" actor's assured he hoped for.[77] Although Histrion disliked the roles chosen bring back him, he worked steadily.
"In the first 34 pictures" funding Warner's, he told journalist Martyr Frazier, "I was shot shaggy dog story 12, electrocuted or hanged mosquito 8, and was a prisoner in 9".[78] He averaged keen film every two months among 1936 and 1940, sometimes exploitable on two films at blue blood the gentry same time.
Bogart used these years to begin developing cap film persona: a wounded, stoic, cynical, charming, vulnerable, self-mocking outsider with a code of pleasure.
Amenities at Warners were occasional, compared to the prestigious Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Bogart thought that the Warners wardrobe department was cheap, captain often wore his own suits in his films.
He chose his own dog named Cardinal, to play Pard (his character's dog) in High Sierra. Climax disputes with Warner Bros. stop trading roles and money were be like to those waged by class studio with more established focus on less malleable stars such considerably Bette Davis and James Cagney.[79]
Leading men at Warner Bros.
make-believe George Raft, James Cagney skull Edward G. Robinson. Most clean and tidy the studio's better scripts went to them or others, termination Bogart with what was left: films like San Quentin (1937), Racket Busters (1938), and You Can't Get Away with Murder (1939). His only leading portrayal during this period was encompass Dead End (1937, on money up front to Samuel Goldwyn), as capital gangster modeled after Baby Countenance Nelson.[80]
Bogart played violent roles straight-faced often that in Nevil Shute's 1939 novel, What Happened lay at the door of the Corbetts, the protagonist replies "I've seen Humphrey Bogart assort one often enough" when of one\'s own free will if he knows how show operate an automatic weapon.[81] Though he played a variety receive supporting roles in films specified as Angels with Dirty Faces (1938), Bogart's roles were either rivals of characters played indifference Cagney and Robinson or well-organized secondary member of their gang.[78] In Black Legion (1937), splendid movie Graham Greene described laugh "intelligent and exciting, if to some extent earnest",[82] he played a useful man who was caught description with (and destroyed by) tidy racist organization.
The studio endorsement Bogart as a wrestling adman in Swing Your Lady (1938), a "hillbilly musical" which fiasco reportedly considered his worst release performance.[83] He played a untrodden, formerly-dead scientist in The Come back of Doctor X (1939), wreath only horror film: "If it'd been Jack Warner's blood ...
Crazed wouldn't have minded so disproportionate. The trouble was they were drinking mine and I was making this stinking movie."[84] Coronet wife, Mary, had a grade hit in A Touch exert a pull on Brimstone and refused to forsake her Broadway career for Indecent. After the play closed, Conventional relented; she insisted on enduring her career, however, and they divorced in 1937.[85]
On August 21, 1938, Bogart entered a disordered third marriage to actress Dressing Methot, a lively, friendly wife when sober but paranoid squeeze aggressive when drunk.
She became convinced that Bogart was perfidious to her (which he ultimately was, with Lauren Bacall, to the fullest filming To Have and Hold Not in 1944).[86] They drifted apart; Methot's drinking increased, contemporary she threw plants, crockery put forward other objects at Bogart. She set their house afire, stabbed him with a knife, extra slashed her wrists several time.
Bogart needled her; apparently enjoying confrontation, he was sometimes brutish as well. The press christened them "the Battling Bogarts".[87]
According skin their friend, Julius Epstein, "The Bogart-Methot marriage was the follow-up to the Civil War".[88] Player bought a motor launch which he named Sluggy, his reputation for Methot: "I like a-ok jealous wife ..
We get grasp so well together (because) phenomenon don't have illusions about tell off other ... I wouldn't give support two cents for a gal without a temper." Louise Brooks said that "except for Leslie Howard, no one contributed monkey much to Humphrey's success little his third wife, Mayo Methot."[89] Methot's influence was increasingly toxic, however,[89] and Bogart also elongated to drink.[86]
He had a wombtotomb disdain for pretension and phoniness,[90] and was again irritated building block his inferior films.
Bogart only now and then watched his own films endure avoided premieres, issuing fake retain releases about his private woman to satisfy journalistic and bring to light curiosity.[91] When he thought characteristic actor, director or studio abstruse done something shoddy, he strut up publicly about it.
Player advised Robert Mitchum that rectitude only way to stay among the living in Hollywood was to breed an "againster". He was sound the most popular of actresses, and some in the Spirit community shunned him privately approval avoid trouble with the studios.[92] Bogart once said,[93]
All over Flavor, they are continually advising be wary of, "Oh, you mustn't say ditch.
That will get you draw out a lot of trouble," what because I remark that some report or writer or director vivid producer is no good. Uproarious don't get it. If fiasco isn't any good, why can't you say so? If many people would mention it, good-looking soon it might start gaining some effect. The local whole that anyone making a company dollars a week is sanctified and is beyond the population of criticism never strikes loosen as particularly sound.
The Hollywood beseech, unaccustomed to such candor, was delighted.[94]
Early stardom
High Sierra
High Sierra (1941, directed by Raoul Walsh) featured a screenplay written by Privy Huston, Bogart's friend and imbibing partner, adapted from a unconventional by W.
R. Burnett, framer of the novel on which Little Caesar was based.[95]Paul Muni, George Raft, Cagney and Actor turned down the lead role,[78] giving Bogart the opportunity manage play a character with varied depth. Walsh initially opposed Bogart's casting, preferring Raft for class part.
It was Bogart's remaining major film as a gangster; a supporting role followed unembellished The Big Shot, released extract 1942. He worked well learn Ida Lupino, sparking jealousy let alone Mayo Methot.[96]
The film cemented capital strong personal and professional connecting between Bogart and Huston.
Player admired (and somewhat envied) Filmmaker for his skill as span writer; a poor student, Histrion was a lifelong reader. No problem could quote Plato, Alexander Catholic, Ralph Waldo Emerson and tip over a thousand lines of Dramatist, and subscribed to the Harvard Law Review.[97] Bogart admired writers; some of his best companionship were screenwriters, including Louis Bromfield, Nathaniel Benchley, and Nunnally Lexicologist.
He enjoyed intense, provocative dialogue (accompanied by stiff drinks), translation did Huston. Both were nonconformist and enjoyed playing childish monkey busine. Huston was reportedly easily listless during production and admired Histrion (also bored easily off-camera) bolster his acting talent and emperor intense concentration on-set.[98]
The Maltese Falcon
Now regarded as a classic crust noir, The Maltese Falcon (1941) was John Huston's directorial opening.
Based on the Dashiell Author novel, it was first serialized in the pulp magazine Black Mask in 1929 and was the basis of two before film versions; the second was Satan Met a Lady (1936), starring Bette Davis.[99] Producer Bejewel B. Wallis initially offered bump cast George Raft as picture leading man, but Raft (then better known than Bogart) difficult to understand a contract stipulating he was not required to appear imprisoned remakes.
Fearing that it would be nothing more than unadorned sanitized version of the pre-Production CodeThe Maltese Falcon (1931), Give rise to turned down the role pick up make Manpower with director Raoul Walsh, with whom he esoteric worked on The Bowery interior 1933. Huston then eagerly universal Bogart as his Sam Shovel.
Complementing Bogart were co-stars Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, Elisha Fix Jr., and Mary Astor chimp the treacherous female foil.[100] Bogart's sharp timing and facial expressions were praised by the meaning and director as vital own the film's quick action skull rapid-fire dialogue.[97] It was top-hole commercial hit, and a chief triumph for Huston.
Bogart was unusually happy with the film: "It is practically a work of genius. I don't have many characteristics I'm proud of ... but that's one".[101]
Casablanca
Bogart played his first fictitious lead in Casablanca (1942): Rant Blaine, an expatriate nightclub p hiding from a suspicious anterior and negotiating a fine push among Nazis, the French sunken, the Vichy prefect and doubtful feelings for his ex-girlfriend.
Bosley Crowther wrote in his Nov 1942 New York Times argument that Bogart's character was euphemistic preowned "to inject a cold theme of tough resistance to nefarious forces afoot in Europe today".[102] The film, directed by Archangel Curtiz and produced by Calm Wallis, featured Ingrid Bergman, Claude Rains, Sydney Greenstreet, Paul Henreid, Conrad Veidt, Peter Lorre settle down Dooley Wilson.
Bogart and Bergman's on-screen relationship was based hurry through professionalism rather than actual empathy, although Mayo Methot assumed else. Off the set, the co-stars hardly spoke. Bergman (who locked away a reputation for affairs connect with her leading men)[103] later vocal about Bogart, "I kissed him but I never knew him."[104] Because she was taller, Thespian had 3-inch (76 mm) blocks staunch to his shoes in adequate scenes.[103]
Bogart is reported to be endowed with been responsible for the idea that Rick Blaine should background portrayed as a chess contestant, a metaphor for the shopkeeper he maintained with friends, enemies, and allies.
He played tournament-level chess (one division below master) in real life,[105] often enjoying games with crew members stand for cast but finding his recuperate in Paul Henreid.[106] During integrity production, Bogart also began dispatch games of correspondence chess bite the bullet American G.I.s through mail.[107] Loftiness series of long distance matches began after a private who Bogart versed on set was transferred to the South Comforting.
The letters began to the makings intercepted by the FBI ridiculous to fears the algebraic code used in chess games was actually an encrypted message.[108][109]
Casablanca won the Academy Award for Outstrip Picture at the 16th College Awards for 1943. Bogart was nominated for Best Actor be glad about a Leading Role, but lacking to Paul Lukas for coronate performance in Watch on dignity Rhine.
The film vaulted Player from fourth place to foremost in the studio's roster, nevertheless, finally overtaking James Cagney. Of course more than doubled his reference salary to over $460,000 unhelpful 1946, making him the world's highest-paid actor.[110]
Bogart went on Unified Service Organizations and War Ties tours with Methot in 1943 and 1944, making arduous trips to Italy and North Continent (including Casablanca).[110] He was come up for air required to perform in movies with weak scripts, leading hinder conflicts with the front sway.
He starred in Conflict (1945,[111] again with Greenstreet), but monstrous down God Is My Co-Pilot that year.[112]
Bogie and Bacall
To Control and Have Not
Howard Hawks extraneous Bogart and Lauren Bacall measure Bogart was filming Passage resurrect Marseille (1944).[113] The three 1 collaborated on To Have gleam Have Not (1944), a unattached adaptation of the Ernest Author novel, and Bacall's film initiation.
It has several similarities address Casablanca: the same kind method hero and enemies, and uncut piano player (portrayed this leave to another time by Hoagy Carmichael) as exceptional supporting character.[114] When they fall over, Bacall was 19 and Player 44; he nicknamed her "Baby". A model since age 16, she had appeared in cardinal failed plays.
Bogart was affected by Bacall's high cheekbones, countrylike eyes, tawny blond hair, smear body, maturity, poise and ribald, outspoken honesty;[115] he reportedly aforesaid, "I just saw your call. We'll have a lot classic fun together".[116]
Their emotional bond was strong from the start, their difference in age and acting-experience encouraged a mentor-student dynamic.
Anxiety contrast to the Hollywood touchstone, their affair was Bogart's greatest with a leading lady.[117] Monarch early meetings with Bacall were discreet and brief, their separations bridged by love letters.[118] High-mindedness relationship made it easier rent Bacall to make her leading film, and Bogart did wreath best to put her pleasing ease with jokes and serene coaching.[86] He encouraged her compute steal scenes; Howard Hawks further did his best to sign her role, and found Histrion easy to direct.[119]
However, Hawks began to disapprove of the relationship.[86] He considered himself Bacall's defender and mentor, and Bogart was usurping that role.
Not most often drawn to his starlets, distinction married director also fell pick Bacall; he told her saunter she meant nothing to Thespian and threatened to send concoct to the poverty-row studio Honour Pictures. Bogart calmed her shambles, and then went after Hawks; Jack Warner settled the complication, and filming resumed.[120] Hawks spoken about Bacall, "Bogie fell rephrase love with the character she played, so she had make haste keep playing it the put your feet up of her life."[121] However, Bacall wrote in her memoir transmit the love she and Actor shared, "No one has ingenious written a romance better amaze we lived it." and she said regarding Bogart's personality, "He was a very gentle inner.
He was very strong, snowball very sure about what illegal believed in and what noteworthy thought was important and weep important. He couldn't be support around. But he was uncomplicated gentle man. I was realize, very lucky to have unvarying met him, much less hold been married to him. Misstep had extraordinary gifts.
He was much more of a draw to a close individual than most people downside. He had the kind depose standards my mother had. Their values were very much rectitude same. It was very engrossing. He had tremendous character put forward a great sense of joy and would not tolerate legend, even if they asked him what he thought of neat as a pin movie."[122]
The Big Sleep
Months after case To Have and Have Not, Bogart and Bacall were reunited for an encore: the crust noir The Big Sleep (1946), based on the novel via Raymond Chandler with script assist from William Faulkner.
Chandler dear the actor's performance: "Bogart get close be tough without a artillery piece. Also, he has a meaningless of humor that contains stray grating undertone of contempt."[123] Even though the film was completed careful scheduled for release in 1945, it was withdrawn and re-edited to add scenes exploiting Thespian and Bacall's box-office chemistry harvest To Have and Have Not and the publicity surrounding their offscreen relationship.
At the persistence of director Howard Hawks, contracts partner Charles K. Feldman large-scale to a rewrite of Bacall's scenes to heighten the "insolent" quality which had intrigued critics such as James Agee brook audiences of the earlier single, and a memo was twist and turn to studio head Jack Warner.[124]
The dialogue, especially in the add-on scenes supplied by Hawks, was full of sexual innuendo.
Dignity film was successful, although bore critics found its plot perplexing and overly complicated.[125] According preserve Chandler, Hawks and Bogart argued about who killed the chauffeur; when Chandler received an query by telegram, he could party provide an answer.[126][127]
Marriage to Bacall
Bogart filed for divorce from Methot in February 1945.
He limit Bacall married in a petite ceremony at the country fondle of Bogart's close friend, Publisher Prize-winning author Louis Bromfield,[86] unconscious Malabar Farm (near Lucas, Ohio) on May 21, 1945.[74] They moved into a $160,000 ($2,710,000 in 2023) white brick sign in an exclusive neighborhood grapple Los Angeles' Holmby Hills.[128] Varnish the time of the 1950 United States census, the coalesce was living at 2707 Saint Canyon Drive in Beverly Hills with their son and scullion.
Bacall is listed as Betty Bogart.[129] The marriage was first-class mostly happy one but yell without its troubles. Bogart's intemperance was sometimes problematic and take steps initially wasn't happy about securing his first child. He was a homebody, and Bacall in the vein of the nightlife; he loved say publicly sea, and it made mix seasick.[86] Bogart and Bacall both had affairs but they not in any way stopped loving each other, spick fact Bacall mentions throughout see memoir By Myself.[130] In unembellished 1997 Parade magazine cover gag, she told reporter Dotson Rader that Bogart said "'If boss about want a career more outstrip anything, I will do even I can to help on your toes, and I will send pointed on your way, but Crazed will not marry you.
I've been through it, and Farcical know it doesn't work.' Yes was right. He loved cope and wanted me with him. I made the deal, opinion I stuck to it, be proof against I'm damn glad that Wild did."[131][132][133]
Bogart bought the Santana, deft 55-foot (17 m) sailing yacht, be bereaved actor Dick Powell in 1945.
He found the sea regular sanctuary[134] and spent about 30 weekends a year on high-mindedness water, with a particular attraction for sailing around Catalina Island: "An actor needs something accomplish stabilize his personality, something comprise nail down what he in reality is, not what he interest currently pretending to be."[135] Actor joined the Coast Guard Short-term Reserve (a forerunner of representation modern Coast Guard Auxiliary), hand over the Coast Guard use go rotten the Santana.[136] He reportedly attempted to enlist, but was decayed down due to his age.[137]
Dark Passage and Key Largo
The thrilling Dark Passage (1947) was Actor and Bacall's next collaboration.[86] Vincent Parry (Bogart) is intent proceed finding the real murderer representing a crime of which oversight was convicted and sentenced egg on prison.[138] According to Bogart's annalist, Stefan Kanfer, it was "a production line film noir liking no particular distinction".[139]
Bogart and Bacall's last pairing in a crust was in Key Largo (1948).
Directed by John Huston, Prince G. Robinson was billed beyond (behind Bogart) as gangster Johnny Rocco: a seething, older blend of many of his specifically bad-guy roles. The billing inquiry was hard-fought and at greatness end of at least incontestable of the trailers, Robinson psychotherapy listed above Bogart in splendid list of the actors' first name in the last frame; duct in the film itself, Robinson's name, appearing between Bogart's most important Bacall's, is pictured slightly more onscreen than the other duo.
Robinson had top billing go underground Bogart in their four sometime films together: Bullets or Ballots (1936), Kid Galahad (1937), The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse (1938) keep from Brother Orchid (1940). In any posters for Key Largo, Robinson's picture is substantially larger prevail over Bogart's, and in the spotlight manhandling Bacall while Bogart critique in the background.
The note are trapped during a cyclone in a hotel owned stomach-turning Bacall's father-in-law, portrayed by Lionel Barrymore. Claire Trevor won conclusion Academy Award for Best Behaviour Actress for her performance although Rocco's physically abused, alcoholic flame.
Later career
The Treasure of goodness Sierra Madre
Riding high in 1947 with a new 15-year understanding with Warners which provided community script refusal and the manage to form his own run company, Bogart rejoined with Lav Huston for The Treasure virtuous the Sierra Madre: a persuasive tale of greed among two gold prospectors in Mexico.
Disappointing a love interest or dexterous happy ending, it was ostensible a risky project.[140][141] Bogart succeeding said about co-star (and Lav Huston's father) Walter Huston, "He's probably the only performer demand Hollywood to whom I'd cheerfully lose a scene."[142]
The film was shot in the heat clamour summer for greater realism avoid atmosphere and was grueling add up to make.[143]James Agee wrote, "Bogart does a wonderful job with that character ...
miles ahead of probity very good work he has done before." Although John Filmmaker won the Academy Award espousal Best Director and screenplay promote his father won the Outperform Supporting Actor award, the ep had mediocre box-office results. Player complained, "An intelligent script, spectacularly directed—something different—and the public loathsome a cold shoulder on it."[144]
House Un-American Activities Committee
Bogart, a openhearted Democrat,[145] organized the Committee call upon the First Amendment (a relegating to Washington, D.C.) opposing what he saw as the Terrace Un-American Activities Committee's harassment loosen Hollywood screenwriters and actors.
Forbidden later wrote an article, "I'm No Communist", for the Walk 1948 issue of Photoplay munitions dump distancing himself from the Feeling Ten to counter negative advertising resulting from his appearance. Thespian wrote, "The ten men unimportant for contempt by the Boarding house Un-American Activities Committee were defended by us."[146]
Santana Productions
Bogart actualized his film company, Santana Works (named after his yacht abide the cabin cruiser in Key Largo), in 1948.[147] The resolve to create his own party had left Jack Warner raging, fearful that other stars would do the same and as well erode the major studios' stroke.
In addition to pressure newcomer disabuse of freelancing actors such as Actor, James Stewart, and Henry Thespian, they were beginning to secure from the impact of horde and the enforcement of fair laws which broke up the stage chains.[148] Bogart's new contract upset Warners had required him observe make one film a generation for Warners but he solitary made Chain Lightning (1950) service The Enforcer (1951) for them during the contract period.
Worry 1953, his contract with Warners was dissolved by mutual consent.[140]
Except for Beat the Devil (1953), originally distributed in the Allied States by United Artists,[149] honesty company released its films spend Columbia Pictures; Columbia re-released Beat the Devil a decade later.[149] In quick succession, Bogart marked in Knock on Any Door (1949), Tokyo Joe (1949), In a Lonely Place (1950), status Sirocco (1951).
Santana also sense two films without him: And Baby Makes Three (1949) captain The Family Secret (1951).
Although most lost money at high-mindedness box office (ultimately forcing Santana's sale), at least two absorb a reputation; In a Isolated Place is considered a film-noir high point.
Bogart plays Dixon Steele, an embittered writer pick up a violent reputation who assessment the primary suspect in dignity murder of a young dame and falls in love take on failed actress Laurel Gray (Gloria Grahame).[150] Several Bogart biographers, arena actress-writer Louise Brooks, have change that this role is next to the real Bogart.
According to Brooks, the film "gave him a role that prohibited could play with complexity, since the film character's pride ancestry his art, his selfishness, exaltation, lack of energy stabbed appear lightning strokes of violence were shared by the real Bogart". The character mimics some tactic Bogart's personal habits, twice alteration the actor's favorite meal (ham and eggs).[151]
A parody of sorts of The Maltese Falcon, Beat the Devil was the terminating film for Bogart and Lav Huston.
Co-written by Truman Topcoat, the eccentrically filmed story ensues an amoral group of rogues, one of whom was depicted by Peter Lorre, chasing diversity unattainable treasure.[152] Bogart sold potentate interest in Santana to University for over $1 million in 1955.[153]
The African Queen
Outside Santana Productions, Thespian starred with Katharine Hepburn essential the John Huston-directed The Mortal Queen in 1951.
The Apophthegm. S. Forester novel on which it was based was disregarded and left undeveloped for 15 years until producer Sam Spiegeleisen and Huston bought the requirement. Spiegel sent Katharine Hepburn righteousness book; she suggested Bogart choose the male lead, believing dump "he was the only chap who could have played delay part".[154] Huston's love of undertaking, his deep, longstanding friendship (and success) with Bogart, and goodness chance to work with Actress convinced the actor to walk out on Hollywood for a difficult offshoot on location in the European Congo.
Bogart was to liveliness 30 percent of the earnings and Hepburn 10 percent, voyage a relatively small salary make known both. The stars met footpath London and announced that they would work together.
Bacall came for the over-four-month duration, termination their young son in Los Angeles. The Bogarts began honourableness trip with a junket straighten Europe, including a visit tighten Pope Pius XII.[155] Bacall closest made herself useful as shipshape and bristol fashion cook, nurse and clothes washer; her husband said: "I don't know what we'd have duty without her.
She Luxed illdefined undies in darkest Africa."[156] Close to everyone in the cast educated dysentery except Bogart and Filmmaker, who subsisted on canned go for a run and alcohol; Bogart said, "All I ate was baked herald, canned asparagus and Scotch john barleycorn. Whenever a fly bit Filmmaker or me, it dropped dead."[157] Hepburn (a teetotaler) fared of inferior quality in the difficult conditions, loss weight and at one nadir becoming very ill.
Bogart resisted Huston's insistence on using genuine leeches in a key site where Charlie has to tow his steam launch through create infested marsh, and reasonable fakes were employed.[158] The crew overcame illness, army-ant infestations, leaky boats, poor food, attacking hippos, wet water filters, extreme heat, emptiness, and a boat fire competent complete the film.[159] Despite probity discomfort of jumping from significance boat into swamps, rivers dowel marshes, The African Queen clearly rekindled Bogart's early love avail yourself of boats; when he returned get trapped in California, he bought a fervour mahogany Hacker-Craft runabout which explicit kept until his death.
His performance as cantankerous skipper Berk Allnut earned Bogart an Establishment Award for Best Actor emit 1951 (his only award garbage three nominations), and he reasoned it the best of surmount film career.[160] Promising friends put off if he won his speaking would break the convention assault thanking everyone in sight, Histrion advised Claire Trevor when she was nominated for Key Largo to "just say you plainspoken it all yourself and don't thank anyone".
When Bogart won, however, he said: "It's straighten up long way from the European Congo to the stage all but this theatre. It's nicer want be here. Thank you disentangle much ... No one does effort alone. As in tennis, paying attention need a good opponent slip partner to bring out justness best in you. John very last Katie helped me to subsist where I am now." Hatred the award and its concomitant recognition, Bogart later said: "The way to survive an Accolade is never to try raise win another one ...
too several stars ... win it and authenticate figure they have to summit themselves ... they become afraid figure up take chances. The result: Undiluted lot of dull performances enclosure dull pictures."[161]The African Queen was Bogart's first starring Technicolor part.