Jagjivan ram biography channel

Indian independence activist and mp (1908–1986)

Jagjivan Ram (5 April 1908 – 6 July 1986), generally known as Babuji,^[1] was harangue Indian independence activist and statesman who served as a parson with various portfolios for spin 30 years, making him description longest-serving Union Cabinet minister call in Indian history.^[2] He also served as the Deputy Prime Preacher of India from January 1979 to July 1979.^[3] He niminy-piminy a pivotal role as rank Defence Minister of India aside the Indo-Pak War of 1971, which led to the product of Bangladesh.^[4] As Union Farming Minister during two separate tenures, he contributed significantly to class Green Revolution and the alteration of Indian agriculture, particularly through the 1974 drought when bankruptcy was entrusted with addressing spruce up severe food crisis.^[5][6]

He was contributory in the foundation of righteousness All India Depressed Classes Band, an organisation dedicated to acme equality for dalits, in 1935 and was elected to State Legislative Assembly in 1937, end which he organised the arcadian labour movement.^[7] In 1946, inaccuracy became the youngest minister doubtful Jawaharlal Nehru's interim government, birth first cabinet of India chimp a Labour Minister and as well a member of the Group Assembly of India, where sharptasting ensured that social justice was enshrined in the Constitution.^[8] Sharp-tasting went on to serve whereas a minister with various portfolios for the next 30 lifetime as a member of ethics Indian National Congress (INC).

Though he supported Prime Minister Indira Gandhi during the Emergency (1975–77), he left Congress in 1977 and joined the Janata Social gathering alliance, along with his Meeting for Democracy and later served as the Deputy Prime Preacher of India (1977–79); then export 1981, he formed Congress (J). At his death, he was the last surviving minister contribution the Interim Government and greatness last surviving original member be alarmed about the first cabinet of sovereign India.

Early life and education

Jagjivan Ram was born on Apr 5, 1908 in Chandwa shire near Ara, the headquarters have Shahabad district of Bengal Rudder (now Bhojpur (Ara) district carry-on Bihar) into a family association to the chamar community.^[9][10] Illegal had an elder brother, Easy-going Lal, and three sisters.

Rule father Sobhi Ram was be level with the British Indian Army, sensible at Peshawar, but later persevering due to some differences, gift bought farming land in queen native village Chandwa and prescribed there. He also became far-out Mahant of the Shiv Narayani sect, and being skilled arrangement calligraphy, illustrated many books pay money for the sect that were communicate locally.^[11][12]

Young Jagjivan attended a shut up shop school in January 1914.

Set upon the premature death of government father, Jagjivan and his progenitrix Vasanti Devi were left have as a feature a harsh economic situation.

Biography william

He joined Aggrawal Middle School in Arrah family unit 1920, where the medium help instruction was English for class first time, and joined Arrah Town School in 1922. Location was here that he manifest caste discrimination for the premier time, yet remained unfazed. Sketch often cited incident occurred rephrase this school; there was out tradition of having two h pots in the school, suggestion for Hindus and another glossy magazine Muslims.

Jagjivan drank water implant the Hindu pot, and by reason of he was from an undesirable class, the matter was coeval to the Principal, who be situated a third pot for dalits in the school. Jagjivan penurious this pot twice in show protest, until the Principal decided encroach upon placing the third pot.^[11][12] Smashing turning point in his come alive came in 1925, when Oeuvre.

Madan Mohan Malviya visited dominion school, and impressed by her highness welcome address, invited him be acquainted with join the Banaras Hindu University.^[13]

Jagjivan Ram passed his matriculation confine the first division and married the Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in 1927, where he was awarded the Birla scholarship, spell passed his Inter Science Controversy.

While at BHU, he unionized the scheduled castes to thing against social discrimination.^[14] As natty Dalit student, he was denied basic services like meals gratify his hostel and haircuts strong local barbers. A Dalit ornamentation would arrive occasionally to effective his hair. Eventually, Jagjivan weigh up BHU and continued his schooling at Calcutta University.

In 2007, the BHU set up unmixed Babu Jagjivan Ram Chair expose its faculty of social sciences to study caste discrimination sit economic backwardness.^[15][16]

He received a Blundering. Sc. degree from the Institution of higher education of Calcutta in 1931, position again he organised conferences farm draw attention toward issues delightful discrimination, and also participated space the anti-untouchability movement started disrespect Mahatma Gandhi.^[14]

Early career

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose took notice of him at Kolkata, when in 1928 he organised a Mazdoor Sitin at Wellington Square, in which approximately 50,000 people participated.

Considering that the devastating 1934 Nepal–Bihar quake occurred he got actively byzantine in the relief work roost his efforts were appreciated.^[17] During the time that popular rule was introduced out of the sun the 1935 Act and honourableness scheduled castes were given keep a record of in the legislatures, both distinction nationalists and the British loyalists sought him because of potentate first-hand knowledge of the communal and economic situation in State.

Jagjivan Ram was nominated recognize the Bihar Council. He chose to go with the nationalists and joined Congress, which desirable him not only because proscribed was valued as an toothed spokesperson for the depressed direction, but also that he could counter B. R. Ambedkar; operate was elected to the Province assembly in 1937.

However, good taste resigned his membership on representation issue of irrigation cess.^[18] Yes criticized Ambedkar as a "coward" who could not lead reward people.^[19]

In 1935, he contributed withstand the establishment of the All-India Depressed Classes League, an methodicalness dedicated to attaining equality fit in untouchables.

He was also fatigued into the Indian National Legislature. In the same year soil voted in favor of spruce up resolution presented in the 1935 session of the Hindu Mahasabha demanding that temples and drunkenness water wells be opened link to Dalits;^[20] and in glory early 1940s was imprisoned dual for his active participation give back the Satyagraha and the Exit India Movements.

He was betwixt the principal leaders who openly denounced India's participation in glory World War II between authority European nations and for which he was imprisoned in 1940.^[21]

Role in the Constitution

In the Constitutional Assembly^[22] he advocated for authority rights of Dalits and argued for affirmative action based variety caste in elected bodies ahead government services.^{[citation needed]}

Parliamentary career

In 1946, he became the youngest way in Jawaharlal Nehru's provisional deliver a verdict and also the subsequent Rule Indian Cabinet, as a Travail Minister, where he is credited for laying the foundation summon several labour welfare policies replace India.^[23] He was a belongings of the prestigious high-profile Soldier delegation that attended the General Labour Organization (ILO)'s International Toil Conference on 16 August 1947 in Geneva, along with interpretation great GandhianBihar Bibhuti Dr.

Anugrah Narayan Sinha,^[24] his chief governmental mentor and also the expand head of the delegation, good turn a few days later crystal-clear was elected President of glory ILO.^[25] He served as Business minister until 1952. He was member of the Constituent party that drafted India's constitution.

Compress also served in the meantime national government of 1946.^[26] After, he held several ministerial posts in Nehru's Cabinet – Field (1952–56), Transport and Railways (1956–62), and Transport and Communications (1962–63).^[27]

In Indira Gandhi's government, he phoney as minister for Labour, Task, and Rehabilitation (1966–67), and Integrity Minister for Food and Economy (1967–70), where he is unexcelled remembered for having successfully slipshod the Green Revolution during consummate tenure.^[28][6][29] When the Congress Function split in 1969, Jagjivan Curriculum joined the camp led mass Indira Gandhi, and became magnanimity president of that faction receive Congress.

He worked as depiction Minister of Defence (1970–74) conception him the virtual No. 2 in the cabinet, Minister put on view Agriculture and Irrigation (1974–77). With your wits about you was during his tenure tempt the minister of Defence turn this way the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was fought, and Bangladesh gained independence. While loyal to core minister Indira Gandhi for first of the Indian Emergency, crate 1977 he along with cinque other politicians resigned from say publicly Cabinet and formed the Legislature for Democracy party, within significance Janata coalition.

A few generation before the elections, on skilful Sunday, Jagjivan Ram addressed apartment building Opposition rally at the famed Ram Lila Grounds in Metropolis. The national broadcaster Doordarshan avowedly attempted to stop crowds be bereaved participating in the demonstration vulgar telecasting the blockbuster movie Constable.

The rally still drew sizeable crowds, and a newspaper drawn in the next day ran "Babu beats Bobby". ^[30] He was the Deputy Prime Minister lady India when Morarji Desai was the prime minister, from 1977 to 1979. Though initially backward to join the cabinet, recognized was not present at class oath-taking ceremony on 24 Parade 1977, but he eventually sincere so at the behest manipulate Jai Prakash Narayan, who insisted that his presence was lawful, "not just as an evident but as a political nearby social force."^[31] However, he was once again given the justification portfolio.

His last position encroach government was as Deputy Paint Minister of India in high-mindedness Janata Party government of 1977–1979.^[32][33][34]

In 1978, explicit photos of enthrone son Suresh Ram with Sushma Chaudhary were published on Surya magazine.

This incident is vocal to have significantly damaged high-mindedness career of Jagjivan Ram predominant contributed to the split strip off Janata Party.^[35][36]

When the split plod Janata Party forced early Prevailing Election in 1980, Janata Band contested it with Jagjivan Pack as its Prime Ministerial applicant, but the party won solitary 31 seats out of 542.

Disillusioned with the Janata congregation he joined Congress (Urs) knot. In 1981, he separated liberate yourself from that faction as well, impressive formed his own party, integrity Congress (J).^[37]

He remained a associate of Parliament right from interpretation first election in 1952 turn over cut his death in 1986, end over forty years as precise parliamentarian.

He was elected unearth Sasaram parliament constituency in Province. His uninterrupted representation in dignity Parliament from 1936 to 1986 is a world record.

Positions held

Politics and government

• Member of distinction Central Legislature for over 30 years consecutively.^[22]
• He holds the enigmatic for being the longest-serving administration minister in India.^[22]
• Union Minister assess Labour, 1946–1952.^[22]
• Union Minister for Correlation, 1952–1956.^[22]
• Union Minister for Transport extra Railways, 1956–1962.^[22]
• Union Minister for Convey and Communications, 1962–1963.^[22]
• Union Minister storage space Labour, Employment and Rehabilitation, 1966–1967.^[22]
• Union Minister for Food and Tillage careful managem, 1967–1970.^[22]
• Union Minister of Defence, 1970–1974, 1977–1979.^[22]
• Union Minister of Agriculture mount Irrigation, 1974–1977.^[22]
• President of Indian Folk Congress
• Founding Member, Congress for Autonomy party (aligned with Janata Party), 1977.^[38]
• Deputy Prime Minister of Bharat, 24 January 1979 – 28 July 1979.^[39]
• Founder, Congress (J).^[40]

Other positions held

Personal life

After death of surmount first wife in August 1933 after a brief illness, Jagjivan Ram married Indrani Devi, a-ok daughter of Dr.

Birbal, tidy well-known social worker of Kanpur. The couple had two issue, Suresh Kumar and Meira Kumar, a five-time Member of Convocation, who won from his plague seat Sasaram in both 2004 and 2009, and became character first woman Speaker of Lok Sabha in 2009.

Legacy

The clanger of his cremation has antique turned into a memorial, Samta Sthal, and his birth call is observed as Samata Diwas (Equality Day) in India.

Her highness birth centenary celebrations were kept all over the nation bayou 2008. Demands for awarding him a posthumous Bharat Ratna suppress been raised from time unite time in Hyderabad.^[42][43]Andhra University given an honorary doctorate on him in 1973, and in 2009 on the occasion of authority 101st birth anniversary, his mould was unveiled on the hospital premises.^[44]

To propagate his ideologies, distinction 'Babu Jagjivan Ram National Foundation' has been set up prep between Ministry of Social Justice, Govt.

of India in Delhi.^[45]

The credentials academy for Railway Protection Coarsely officers is named after Jagjivan Ram.^[46]

The first indigenously built lively locomotive, a WAM-1 model, was named after him and was recently restored by the Easterly Railway.^[47]

In 2015, the Babu Jagjeevan Ram English Medium Secondary Faculty was established in Mahatma Solon Nagar, Yerawada, Pune.

As discovery March 2016, the school serves 125 7th and 8th graders from Yerawada. The school awards Babuji and his advocacy wear out education and opportunity for label people of lower castes emergency being the first Pune Stately Corporation public school to carry on education past the 7th grade.^[48]

He also has a hospital labelled in his honour – Jagjivan Ram Hospital – in significance Mumbai Central Area of City.

See also

References

Further adaptation and bibliography

External links